We are in to production of Cold Rolled and Cold Drawn Square Bright Bars in vast size range. 4. As the grade of the square bar increases, so too does its theoretical weight. It has a smooth and shiny surface finish that appears to be bright. Get info of suppliers, manufacturers, exporters, traders of Square Bar for buying in India. Minimum square size. High machinability,used in automatic and CNC machines in mass production of componentslike Engine Shafts, Connecting components like Engine Shafts,Connecting rods, Spindles etc. Of Rectangular (Other Than Square) Cross-Section: 18: 0: 01/07/2017: 18%: 72149110: Other Bars And Rods Of Iron Or Non-Alloy Steel, Not Further Worked Than Forged, Hot-Rolled, Hot-Drawn Or Hot-Extruded, But Including Those Twisted After Rolling - Other : Of Rectangular (Other Than Square) Cross-Section : Mild Steel Bright Bar: 18:. En15AM BS 970 are mainly indicated by thermal conductivity, specific thermal capacity, modulus of elasticity, coefficient of thermal expansion, electrical resistance value, density, poisson’s ratio, etc. Typical usage is seen in applications requiring high strength and a modest level of corrosion resistance. Usage/Application: Construction. Order bright hexagon bar from Metal Supplies for fast delivery. GST No. repeat"> Devasya Steel Industries. Bright Square Bars, Size/Dimension: >40 mm, Size: 40 Mm Up To 80mm ₹ 50/ Kg Get Latest Price . EN8 bright square bar have been cold over, cold drawn. Stainless Steel Bars 17-4-PH. Find here Mild Steel Hexagon Bar, Mild Steel Hex Bar Wholesalers & Wholesale Dealers in Vadodara. Do250 — Coziest Bars In Victoria: A Winter Cocktail Guide; Corporate Stays — Best Bars in Victoria BC; Victoria Buzz — 10 bars and pubs in and around Victoria. EN 10204 3. Heat to 150C – 200°c , soak it for 1 – 2 hours / 25mm of section, and then cooled in still air. For more information on our Bright Bar products please contact us on 0800 123 70 10 or emails us at sales@metalsupplies. S. The diameter range differs in the various materials. Opened in 1885 as the. 100cr6. It specifies standards for Hot Rolled Medium and High Tensile Structural Steel. Check sbbbl. 1 304L solid Stainless steel bright bar (square, round, hex. Yes, I. Material Grade: EN-15AM. Pranav Bright Bars Pvt Ltd. Finish : Bright, Polish & Black. so Usually it is quite durable and strong in its form. GST No. Contact Supplier. They are used in various purposes from fabrication of windows, grils, gates, etc to shafts, pins, fasteners, etc in industrial applications. IS2062. Steel Bright Bar based in India, manufacturing cold drawn steel in freecutting, specifications in accordance to BS EN ISO 9001:2008 . HSN Code HSN Description. Bhagwati Enterprise. Grades we manufacture regularly in Cold Drawn Bright Bar Steel Rounds : Mild Steel, 1018, En8d, En1a, En1a (Pb), En8m, En15Am, SAE 4140, etc. Topics: Alloy Steel Bright Bar, Carbon Steel Bright Bar, Devasya Industries, M S Bright Bar, Mild Steel Bars, Round bar, sanand, Stainless Steel Bright Bar, steel bars Semrush Rank: 15,356,838 Est. C20. Usage/Application: Construction. The physical properties of IS 2062 E350 bright bar can vary depending on the specific grade and manufacturing process used. 1:2016. MS Square Bars. Q. Secondly in Peeled / Turned Bright Bar the Hot Rolled Bar is fed into a Turning machine and the surface is. Unit Length: 6 m. The actual hot forging temperatures in the closed die forging process will be decided by a number of factors, such as the complexity of the. US $650-800 / Metric Ton ( FOB Price) 10mm Bright Surface 45# Carbon Steel Material Sae 1045 Steel Round Bars. 08048963603 67% Response Rate. Request. Matta Drawing Works. Established in the year 1995 at Mumbai, Maharashtra. Contact Supplier. Generally, it can be delivered according to actual weight or theoretical weight in the market. 070 M20. 4401 , EN 1. We provide an efficient service with knowledge of our steel grades and specifications. Param Steels. We can provide you with free cutting steel both in the black and bright cold drawn bar form. It possess a superior surface finishing which always appears bright giving it the name “bright bar". EN1A LEADED AND NON – LEADED Heat treatment: Carbonization of EN1A bright mild steel takes place at 900-950 o C then it is a furnace or air-cooled. EN15AM is a grade of bright steel bar that can be produced in a variety of shapes. US $1400-6000 / Ton ( FOB Price) EN 10204 3. EN8 is a medium strength steel, good tensile strength. Find here Carbon Steel Bright Bar manufacturers & OEM manufacturers in India. 5 Square 3 50. Saaj Steel Corporation - Offering En 15am Bright Round Bar, Length: 6 m at Rs 59/kilogram in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. we also supply Square Bright Bar in. MS Square Bright Bar. 50/0. Our offered range is developed with the help of modern machinery in adherence to the guidelines laid in the industry. Some common physical properties of 42CrMo4 steel include: Density: 7. Other tolerances may be supplied for more critical applications upon enquiry. Check best price of Mild Steel Bright Bar in Ludhiana offered by verified suppliers with contact number | ID: 11602264155According to dimension, shape, weight and allowable deviation of hot rolled steel bar (GB / t702-2008), the side length of hot rolled square bar is 5. 5mm. Here are the major factors that validate the outstanding properties of our Bright Bars -. Tensile Strength N Per Square Mm: 410 - 480 N/mm2. Lengths (m) Cold drawn Round 3. As a low carbon steel grade, it provides low strength with good machinability and is suitable for welding. more; ALLOY BARS. US$ 500. Faridabad Khasra No. Country of Origin: Made in India. After forging, cool slowly. They are mostly round or hexagonal in shape. 1 304L solid Stainless steel bright bar (square, round, hex. Contact Supplier. Ambica Steels produces SS Round bars with a comprehensive range of stainless steel grades -303, 304, 316, 420, 431, 2205 and size range from 5 mm to 100 mm to cover most machining and structural applications. 5mm to 52. Contact Supplier. Additional Information: Production Capacity: 6000MT;7. 0. 00 mm. 16mm To 50mm Mild Steel Bright Bar, For Manufacturing, Single Piece Length: 3 meter. en32b bright bar is a popular case hardening steel grade used for general engineering, en32b round bar is readily machinable and weldable in its. Faridabad Khasra No. Carburizing might be carried out at 1620-1690ºF (880-920ºC,) and carbonitriding at 1470 -1600ºF (800-875ºC. 5MM TO 63MM. . We now stock an extended range of bright 080A15/070M20 flat bar, up to 12” (305mm) wide. Introduction. ASTM SA105 Forging Properties: Commence 1150℃ Max finish 925℃. We are a top producer of Square Bright Bar and numerous other goods. Get Best Price. Contact Supplier. It has high wear and abrasion-resistant properties. Max. • Round Black Bars – 4 mm to 100 mm. 15AM/8M: SMn433H,SUM 41:. 00 / Metric Ton. Mild steel en 47 square bar, 6 meter, 12 mm; Round Corner. Generic astronomy calculator to calculate times for sunrise, sunset, moonrise,. Conclusion. EN 19 Bright Round Bar is a 1% chromium – molybdenum medium hardenability general purpose high tensile steel – generally supplied hardened and tempered in the tensile range of 850 – 1000 Mpa (condition T). We can provide you free cutting steel in the following size range : EN1A Leaded (Pb) Round Black from sizes 23. 11: s s square bars grade aisi 8 x 8 mm x 400 cm long square bars: 302: 3. US $ 1200-2500 / Ton. View. 5 mm. No. ₹ 83/ Kg Get Latest Price. AISI 1040. 4301: Z7CN18‐09: 304S31: SUS 304: SUS 304. 18/40Mn15S12 — 1137,1140: Free Cutting Steel: EN-1A EN-1A L: SUM-23 SUM-24 L:. C20 bright bar is a low carbon steel grade that contains about 0. 20MNCR5 Bright Bar; EN-19 Bright Bar; EN-24 Bright Bar; EN15AM Bright Bar; EN1A Bright Bar; EN31 Bright Bar; EN353 Bright Bar; EN36C Bright Bar; Products. At Dhand Steels, we manufacture bright square bars with enhanced mechanical properties, greater dimensional accuracy, subtle surface finish, and are free from surface defects. Business listings of Bright Bar manufacturers, suppliers and exporters in Pune, ब्राइट बार विक्रेता, पुणे, Maharashtra along with their contact details & address. 16 mncr5, 20. 4. Vinayaka Metal Industries, MIDC Industrial Area Hingna, Nagpur, Maharashtra - Established in 1997, we are Manufacturer of SAE 1020 Mild Steel, En 24 Alloy Steel, AISI 304L Stainless Steel Grade, Carbon Steel Bright Bar and Steel & Stainless Steel ProductsSwarf will form in small chips to prevent machine blockage. Recorded underneath are their important uses –. S355J2G3 Grade Introduction: We manufacture these using S355J2G3. The standard mentions the shapes round, hexagon, square and flat, but not all of these cross sections have specific tolerance tables. SIZES: The size range is quite vast, ranging from 16Ø – 160Ø in peeled and 6Ø – 80Ø in drawn. 20MNCR5 – BRIGHT BAR. After seeing their product quality, we have decided to outsource both our drawing and dispatch operations to them. Welcome to Aldridge Bright Bar Ltd, one of the UK's leading, privately-owned manufacturers of bright drawn steel bar products. 7. Straightness: 0. The raw material is made into a hot-rolled steel bar. Supply cities/states. Cold Drawn and Peeled 2. Engineering Works is the leading Manufacturer of Round Bright Bar, Square Bright Bar and much more. The supplier company is located in New Delhi, Delhi and is one of the leading sellers of listed products. All Sizes and Grades available. 948 to 20. Mahavir Steel supplies a wide range of Mild Steel (MS) Square Bars. Ambhe Ferro Metal Processors Private Limited. However this is difficult to do with EN1A and is not recommended. Mumbai, Maharashtra | GST 27AADCP1678H1Z8. IS2062 – BRIGHT BAR. ArcelorMittal Bright Bars, Dortmund isUS $650-760 / Ton ( FOB Price) AISI 431 Stainless steel solid polished bright mild steel round bar. SUS 304 303 316 316L 310 310S Stainless Steel Bright Round Bar. Thermal expansion: 11. Technical Specifications of Square Bars: Size: 16MM to 55MM. 16MNCR5 – BRIGHT BAR. ₹ 59/ Kilogram. 220″ A/F Bright Mild Steel Hexagon. Square Bright Bar; Mild Steel Bright Bar; Carbon Steel Bright Bar; Free Cutting Bright Bar; Export Countries. EN8M type of free-cutting steel in Bright Bars has Sulphur added to it with a medium amount of carbon. Secondly in Peeled / Turned Bright Bar the Hot Rolled Bar is fed into a Turning machine and the surface is. Bright Bar, Alloy Steel Bright Bar, Alloy Tool Steel Bright Bar, Bearing Steel Bright Bar, Carbon Steel Bright Bar, Free Cutting Steel Bright Bar,Stainless Steel Bright Bar, Heat Treatable Steel Bright Bar. Help. Ludhiana . GST No. com or. EN 10204 3. To anneal, heat slowly and uniformly to 900°C. We offering Bright Steel Round Bar with dimensions 12mm - 70mm for various purposes. • Round Bright Bars – 4 mm to 100 mm. C45 – BRIGHT BAR Grade Introduction: C45 Steel Bright Bars are almost always used in cold drawn or cold rolled condition as it is the cheapest form of production technique for producing bright steel bars with minimum wastage and also increases the mechanical properties. EN32b Round Bar Components when carburized its have a strength range of 430-490 N/mm2 and a hard wearing surface. We manufacture Round Bars conforming to IS2062 Grade E250A from sizes 25mm to 80mm. SAE 4140 – BRIGHT BAR. Single Piece Length: less than 6 meter. BRIGHT BAR DRAWING The bright steel round bars are drawn through dies of the required shape. A few of the uses are rollers, pins, axles and precision components. Dynamic Steel. Introduction / Our Products /Contact Supplier. Bright steel bars have a wide range of applications and uses. 0mm 1. C%-0. EN8 is suitable for all round engineering purposes that may require a Steel of greater strength. Quality service and products guaranteed. Leading Manufacturer of Bright Round Bar, EN8 Bright Bar, EN1A Bright Bar, Bright Steel Round Bar, MS Bright Bar and EN 1A (Leaded) Bright Round Bar from Chennai. 1. The provided bars go through various quality tests on each step of manufacturing process as per the set industry norms. Used for gears axles and high strength studs. 10 mm to 50. Our high-quality bright bars are used worldwide for a variety of applications. We are manufacturer of EN 8D Bright Round Bar. Advantages achieved include improved machining, less wastage at component production stage. High Tensile, En 8 / En 8D / EN 9 / EN 16 material. 00-US$ 1,200. We manufacture Square Bright Bars in various sizes. En 1 A Square Bright Bar; 35S20 / En8M / SAE 1144 / En15AM / AISI 1141 / 44SMn28 / 46S20 Steel. In a Cold Drawn Bright Bar the Hot Rolled Bars are pickled and drawn through a Tungsten Carbide Die as Cold Rolled, no heating is required, that is why it is called a Cold Drawn Bright Bar. Round stainless steel bright bars; En 15am bright round bar; Stainless steel polished & export bright rod 301,302,303,304. We manufacture Round Bars conforming to IS2062 Grade E250A from sizes 25mm to 80mm. It is also known as square stock and box bar and along with flat bar, round bar, and hexagonal bar, it. Please note this is an approx Cost of EN1A Round Bar in India. ₹ 75/ Kilogram. EN 10204 3. Albeit bendable attributes can change, they commonly fall somewhere in the range of 500 and 800 N/mm2. No. 16 lb/ft, while a 200mm square bar has a theoretical weight of 3. Commonly used for general engineering C-20 is suitable for applications such as bolts, shafts, spacers, hubs, base. Get Latest Price. Brand: NACE. angle ) US $2100-5000 / Ton ( FOB Price) SS 304 bright polish stainless steel square barStainless Steel Bright Bars for Construction, Thickness: 12 - 70 mm. 3 TO 6 MTR. This increases the yield strength and tensile strength. g. Ashoka Iron & Steel Industries. Welcome to Aldridge Bright Bar Ltd, one of the UK's leading, privately-owned manufacturers of bright drawn steel bar products. In order to meet the demands of different industries, the offered. 72221112. Contact Supplier. Contact. Once again Metals4U came up trumps. US $650-760 / Ton ( FOB Price) AISI 431 Stainless steel solid polished bright mild steel round bar. All our 4140 Alloy Steel Bar supplied is Ultrasound and MPI inspected. Get Bright Bars, Length: 6 meter in Ludhiana, Punjab at best price by Tk Steel Rolling Mills Private Limited and more manufacturers with contact number | ID: 3732865612. The tolerances (or limit deviations) for the whole range tolerance "ISO" classes covering round and hexagon bars is shown in table below. Approx. An alloy of carbon and iron is known as steel and the properties of steel are different according to its grade. 0 µm/m K. These bars are used for making shafts, gears, studs, pins and gears. Vivekdeep Industries. There are several distinct grades of steel that are made: EN3A, EN8, EN9, EN19A/R, and EN19T. MS Square Bars : 10mm to 56 mm. Turned. R. 72155010 Other bars and rods of iron or non-alloy steel - other, not further worked than cold-formed or cold-finished : mild steel bright barFind here Cold Drawn Bright Bar, Cold Drawn Round Bars manufacturers, suppliers & exporters in India. Five stores across New South Wales. If need hardening, heat to 880-910°C, then quenching in water and temper. 5mm 1. The bright bar helps save machining time and has very close tolerances. 140/2 Village Saroorpur. 6%, thus making this grade a medium carbon steel alloy. a high-quality assortment of stainless steel bright squares in a variety of grades and sizes to our clients. Material: Free Cutting Steel. In order to meet the demands of different industries, the offered range is available in. View Complete details. sae52100. The tensile strength of the en9 steel rod could be developed between 500 Mpa – 800 Mpa. 18% to 0. in. Metal Bar. Ferrenzo India Private Limited. Get Best Price. 25 Mm Mild Steel Flat Bar, Single Piece Length: 6m, Size/Dimension: 4inch (width) ₹ 70 / Kg. 070 M26. Also find Free Cutting Steel price list from verified suppliers with contact number | ID: 2173892348Very low costs , starting at just £9. 01 mm/1meter. S. Ordering online is easy or call 01937 534318 for further product advice, to place your order, or to pay over the phone. Deals in Hyderabad. Ms/en8d/en1a/ En1a L Round Cold Drawn Bars,. Established in the year of 1968, S. is a member of IndiaMART | Verified Supplier |Square bars, also known as square steel, squares and square metal bar are a multipurpose steel section mainly used for manufacturing and repairs. Mild Steel Bright Bars; Equal Angles; Unequal Angels +1 more product; Steel Products. Our Bright Bars manufacturing plant has integrated in house facility for Shot Blasting, Cold Drawing ,Cold Rolling , Specialized. A wide range of low carbon steel bars is offered. Some common shapes for EN15AM bright bars include: Round. US $1000-4500 / Ton ( FOB Price) Sizes of Bright Mild Steel Flat Bar. We manufacture Square Bright Bars in sizes ranging from 2. EN8D can be tempered at a heat of between 550°C to 660°C (1022°F-1220°F), heating for about 1 hour for every inch of thickness, then cool in oil or water. The weight of 1 meter of rolled square bar M sq is determined by the formula: M k = L * ρ y, where ρ y - theoretical weight of 1 m of square bar, calculated by its nominal dimensions; L is the length of a bar. Components when carburized have a core strength range of 430-490 N/mm2, with a hard-wearing surface. Special shaped bright bar; Round black / bright steel bars, polished; Viraj 202 stainless steel. ASTM SA-36 Hardening: Hardening at 788°C – 816°C (1450°F-1500°F) ASTM SA-36 Tempering: A36 is low carbon steel, it is not suited for heat treatment. EN19 bright bar is a high quality alloy steel with tensile. Price list of Stainless Steel Bright Bars in India. Mumbai,. EN-8 / EN8D Square Bar: EN-8 / EN8D Triangle Bar: EN-8 / EN8D Flat Bar: EN-8 / EN8D Hex Bar: EN-8 / EN8D Precision Stock Bar: EN-8 / EN8D Hollow Bar: EN-8 / EN8D Round Bar: EN-8 / EN8D Threaded Bar: EN-8 / EN8D Rods:. Bright Bars offered to find application in areas likeManufacturer of Bright Steel Bar - MS Bright Square Bar, Flat Bright Steel Bar offered by Devasya Steel Industries, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. US $650-800 / Metric Ton ( FOB Price) 10mm Bright Surface 45# Carbon Steel Material Sae 1045 Steel Round Bars. Get Steel Bright Bars in Mira Road East, Thane, Maharashtra at best price by Padmavati Bright Bar Industry. Bright bars have three-dimensional structure making it the most durable and strong product. 00-US$ 1,200. We offering Bright Steel Round Bar with dimensions 12mm - 70mm for various purposes. ₹ 68 / Kg. Or contact your closest store for assistance with metal sourcing. Get Contact details & address of companies manufacturing and supplying Carbon Steel. Pranav Bright Bars Pvt Ltd. Square Steel Bars; En 1 A Leaded Square BarSquare Bar. more; Bright Steel Bars. Bright Bars offered to find application in areas like Machined Components, Dairy Equipment, Pump. EN 8D Bright Round Bar. hexagon bright bar. 45C8 Annealing: 680 – 710°C/furnace. 00 / Metric Ton. Thickness/Diameter: >4 inch, 0-1 inch, 1-2 inch, 2-3 inch, 3-4 inch. 60 this is a medium carbon steel which can develop a tensile strength of 700N/mm 45tsi. angle ) US $2100-5000 / Ton ( FOB Price). Roundness: +/-0. US $ 1500 / Ton. HB Wires; HHB Wires; Hex Bright Bars; Flat Bright Bars; Square Bright Bars; Round Bright Bars; Alloy Steel Bright Bars; Hot Rolled Bars; Process; Quality; Our Markets. Also known for Steel Merchants, Steel Manufacturers, MS Plate Dealers, Steel Rod Dealers, Bright Bar Manufacturers and much more. To produce flawless range, we have employed a highly creative team of professionals who have immense experience in the industry. 140/2 Village Saroorpur Near Govt. Carbon Steel Bright Bar. EN8M type of free-cutting steel in Bright Bars has Sulphur added to it with a medium amount of carbon. Brochure. 00 / Ton. Contact Supplier. NACE Mild Steel Bright Bar, Single Piece Length: 6 meter, Size/Dimension: 20mm-750mm ₹ 95/ Kg Get Latest Price . Get Quote. Our high-quality bright bars are used worldwide for a variety of applications. D2 steel’s high chromium content gives it mild. Established in the year of 1968, S. Manufacturer of En Series Steel - Bright Steel Bar, Bright Bar 52100 offered by Pranav Bright Bars Pvt Ltd, Mumbai, Maharashtra. Contact Us. Square Bar – CQ & S355JR is a solid steel bar with four right-angled edge and radius corners. Nationalsteelprocessors | Bright Bar Manufactures | Alloy Steel Bright Bars in Ludhiana, Punjab- Best Steel Manufactures | Round and hex all sizes bright bars |hex bar for sale|prime trap bar|hex bar 28mm|open hex trap bar|hex weight lifting trap bar|weight lifting hex bar|12mm bright rod price|1045 bright bar|square bright bar manufacturer|en3b. The mild steel can be hardened at 780-800o C then quenched in oil or water. Dhand Steels is our go-to bright bar manufacturer for Agri hardware. Rolled (black) round bar: 3mm in 1000mm. EN19 bright bar is a high quality alloy steel with tensile. X. 516 likes · 10 talking about this · 331 were here. Bright Steel Bars-Cold Drawn are made from Hot Rolled Bars/Wire Rod Coils through the process of Cold Drawing, Centreless Grinding. This factor is also the reason why black bars are much cheaper than bright bars. Allye steel Bright Bar, 6 meter, 12 mm. . Heat Treatment Annealing Normalising Hardening Quenching Medium Tempering 850°C 850 - 920°C 850 - 860°C Oil 500 -. 237 kg/m or 0. angle ) US $2100-5000 / Ton ( FOB Price) SS 304 bright polish stainless steel square bar. Messages. Bright Bars have found usage at a very wide scale, extending quality construction finish, anti-corrosive properties, and high. 1 304L solid Stainless steel bright bar (square, round, hex. Chemical Composition of En15AM steels. Product Material: Stainless Steel. Heat to 620 – 650°C at a maximum heating rate of 100°C/hr or 6000/thickness (mm) °C/hr, whichever is smaller. EN 10204 3. Our range of EN8 Bright Round Bars finds in many industries such as. Lowest application temp. EN 8: Steel Type: Carbon Steel: Surface Finish: Bright: Single Piece Length: 6 meter: Country of Origin: Made in India: Cold Drawn Bright Bar in Round/Square/Hexagonal Shapes and Various Sizes and Various Grades Best Quality. Straightness: 0. We pride ourselves on offering a first class cutting service with a quick turnaround to our commercial and domestic customers. Size: 16MM to 55MM. Bright bars are basically the material produced from stainless steel alloys utilizing the technique of cold drawing in a cold reduction mill. Get Best Price. This structural steel is non-alloy steel. 5mm to 80mm. EN15AM – BRIGHT BAR Hardening:. EN8 is suitable for all round engineering purposes that may require a Steel of greater strength. Free Cutting Steel Bright Bars. Manufacturer of Mild Steel Bar - EN3 Mild Steel Square Bright Steel Bars, EN2 Mild Steel Round Bright Steel Bars, A105 Mild Steel Round Bright Steel Bars and 1010 Mild Steel Square Bright Steel Bars offered by Supreme Steel Distributors, Mumbai, Maharashtra. EN 10308 (class 1to4), API 6A/ISO 10423:2003-PSL3,SEP 1920:1984 ( class A,B,C), MIL STD 2154: Length. Designed in compliance with international quality standards, these Square Bright Bar are corrosion resistance, sturdy and durable. En 9 Bright Square Bar ₹ 69/Kg. EN-8. IndiaMART. Nationalsteelprocessors | Bright Bar Manufactures | Alloy Steel Bright Bars in Ludhiana, Punjab- Best Steel Manufactures | Round and hex all sizes bright bars |hex bar for sale|prime trap bar|hex bar 28mm|open hex trap bar|hex weight lifting trap bar|weight lifting hex bar|12mm bright rod price|1045 bright bar|square bright bar manufacturer|en3b. The size in Bright Square ranges from 8 mm to 63 mm. C%-0. It has good strength and high machinability.